Power Distribution
Wireless Power Transmission
Wireless Power Transmission enables charging devices without the need for apertures or openings in the housing. Disinfection of the device, protection against harsh environments or protection against explosive atmospheres are therefore much easier to achieve.
Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors are the first choice for the input and output bulk capacitors in a DC/DC converter. VVariants such as aluminum polymer or hybrid capacitors offer further advantages such as increased lifetime or lower ESR.
MLCCs - Multilayer Ceramic Chip Capacitors
MLCCs are well-suited for filtering the input or output of a DC/DC converter due to their low ESR. Their small size and high capacitance density also make them a viable solution for buffer capacitors in space-constrained applications.
Power Modules
Designing and commissioning a DC/DC converter can be time-consuming. Power modules include many of the typical peripheral components of a DC/DC regulator, thus reducing the BOM count and speeding up the development process.
Power Inductors
REDEXPERT helps you find the best power inductor for your SMPS and provide useful information regarding efficiency and temperature rise.
Energy Storage (ELDC)
Supercapacitors are easy to use energy storage devices and are in many aspects a bridge between conventional electrolytic capacitors and batteries. They can be charged by any current limited power source, store Energy for a considerable amount of time, and drive electrical applications.
Power Transformer
Power transformers provide galvanic isolation and voltage conversion from the primary to the secondary winding. Their design influences efficiency, EMI behaviour, and power density of the DC/DC converter.
Topologies
Short Introduction to Power Distribution
Most microprocessors and ICs require input voltages of 5 V or less, which often does not align with typical supply sources such as AC/DC converters (e.g., 24 V), batteries (with voltage varying by charge state), or energy harvesting sources (well below 1V). DC/DC converters can bridge these differences efficiently. Since switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) generate EMI, proper EMC measures are required to meet standards.
Learn More About Power Distribution
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![The graph shows the impedance over frequency for capacitors with different capacitance values.]( "CM PN Self Resonance Frequency")
The frequency/impedance diagram shows the self-resonant frequencies of the MLCC capacitor types with 100 nF, 10 nF, and 1 nF. The self-resonant frequencies increase as the capacitances decrease.
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![The image shows how capacitance changes with increasing DC-Bias voltage.]( "CM PN Capacitance / DC-Bias Voltage")
The capacitance of a capacitor is typically also dependent on an applied direct current voltage (DC Bias) and can become significantly lower with increasing voltage. From the DC Bias/capacitance diagram, it is clearly visible that with increasing miniaturization of the component, the nominal value of 470 nF decreases (red curve).
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![On the Picture you can see the Board Flex.]( "CM PN Board Flex Up To 5 mm")
For applications with high mechanical stress, it is advisable to use soft termination capacitors. These have a termination with Ag-polymer/Ni/Si and minimize the risk of cracks occurring.
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![The graph illustrates the change in capacity for the different capacitor models.]( "CM PN Temperature Characteristics")
Capacitors should maintain their capacitance as consistently as possible across temperature variations. Three of the materials used, NP0, X7R, and X5R, fulfill this requirement significantly better than Y5V, as can be clearly seen in the diagram. NP0 shows virtually no changes in capacitance over a wide operating temperature range.
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The lifespan of a capacitor depends on the maximum allowable operating temperature, the ambient temperature, the ripple current, and the applied voltage. The simplified formulas disregard the influence of current and voltage. In RedExpert, the lifespan can be calculated in detail for your application.
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![Illustration of a real simulation model.]( "CM PN Real Models for Simulation Available")
For the simulation of capacitors for power supplies, real models based on the shown equivalent circuit with equivalent series inductance (ESL) and equivalent series resistance, as well as parallel resistance for leakage currents, are available.
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![Diagram of the Implementation in 7 Steps]( "CM PN Easy Implementation with Maximum 7 Design Steps")
The power modules from the MagI3C series are available as DC/DC converters with fixed or variable output voltage or as LED drivers. The DC/DC converters with integrated voltage regulator IC, power inductance, and sometimes capacitors can be implemented with a maximum of 7 design stages.
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![The picture shows the online simulation platform RedExpert.]( "CM PN REDEXPERT Simulation")
Für die Power-Module aus der MagI3C-Serie lassen sich Emissionen und das Temperaturverhalten einfach mit der Online-Simulationsplattform RedExpert simulieren.
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![The picture showshow Wireless Power Transfer Works]( "CM PN How Wireless Power Transfer Works")
With special transmitting coils (Transmitter) and receiving coils (Receiver), electrical energy can be transmitted wirelessly (Wireless Power Transfer). The functionality is schematically represented in the diagram.
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Flyback and Buck Converter Topologies - Flyback Converter: The energy is stored in the magnetic field of the transformer while the switching element is conducting. Buck Converter: The core is not used for energy storage. Primary and secondary windings conduct simultaneously.
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![Man sieht ein Konfigurationsbeispiel für den We-Flex]( "CM PN Configuration Example for the WE-Flex")
The WE-FLEX series includes more than 375 transformer solutions and about 125 power inductor solutions that can be implemented with different circuits. The image shows two configurations with ratios of 1:1 and 1:2.
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![You can see an inductur.]( "CM PN Current Definition")
The self-heating of the inductance depends on the layout and the environment. Wider traces and greater copper thickness increase the flow of heat dissipated by the inductance. This allows the inductance to operate with higher currents. The datasheet explains the specific measurement conditions.
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![The image shows how core materials affect inductance and ripple current in DC/DC converters, comparing hard and soft saturation behavior.]( "CM PN Hard vs. Soft Saturation")
Hard vs. soft saturation: Due to the discrete air gap, inductors with a ferrite core exhibit hard saturation, while iron powder inductors with a distributed air gap exhibit soft saturation.
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![The picture shows the start of Winding]( "CM PN Start of Winding")
Most power inductors are wound from the inside out, starting with the core. This end of the wire is marked by a dot both in the schematic and on the casing. When the beginning of the winding is connected to the switching node of a switch-mode power supply, the high dV/dt signals are shielded by the outer windings.
